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| /do-follow-in-the-footsteps-of... | | Do Follow in the Footsteps of Giedroyc and Mieroszewski An interview with Prof. Alfredas Bumblauskas “Lithuanians are a small but very proud nation. Looking ... |
| /factories-for-the-people-the-... | | Factories for the people? The nationalization of industry in Poland In the 1940s, nationalization, i.e. bringing private property under the ownership of the ... |
| /the-sikorski-maisky-agreement... | | The Sikorski-Maisky Agreement: a tactical success but a strategic defeat The treaty between the Soviet Union and Poland The Sikorski-Maisky Agreement, conclu... |
| https://polishhistory.pl/protest/ | | Protest! Polish Catholics against Holocaust “Protest!” is a leaflet written by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, a Polish novelist, social activist and co-founder of th... |
| /prof-tomasz-schramm-anders-ge... | | Prof. Tomasz Schramm: Anders' generation used their chance almost 100% Interview with Prof. Tomasz Schramm Anders was a representative of the generation whic... |
| /henryk-arctowski-polar-and-an... | | Henryk Arctowski, polar and Antarctic explorer The 150th anniversary of Arctowski’s birthday A mountain and glacier in Spitsbergen is named after him, as wel... |
| /robert-kostro-why-couldnt-jan... | | Robert Kostro: Why couldn’t Jan Karski stop the Holocaust? In May 1943, a moving scene took place at the Polish embassy in Washington. A 29-year-old man, spe... |
| /at-the-side-of-poles-in-tobruk/ | | At the side of Poles in Tobruk Czechoslovak soldiers in the Middle East The Czechoslovak Legion, established in September 1939 in Poland, was captured by the... |
| /jan-szczepanik-a-genius-from-... | | Jan Szczepanik, a genius from Galicia Teacher and inventor Jan Szczepanik is also known, in what is perhaps a slight exaggeration, as the “Polish Edison” or ... |
| /the-central-industrial-distri... | | The Central Industrial District: the industrial heart of the Second Polish Republic Second Polish Republic and its path to moderization “A great thing is bei... |
| /john-iii-sobieski-and-marysie... | | John III Sobieski and Marysieńka Love letters of the Polish King to his beloved wife King John III Sobieski is remembered as the commander of the victorious ... |
| /june-1976-workers-victory-at-... | | June 1976: workers’ victory at the cost of repression 45th anniversary of June 1976 protests A single day in June 1976 showed how fragile the public’s confid... |
| /helena-modrzejewska-the-brigh... | | Helena Modrzejewska. The brightest theater star Helena Modjeska (or rather: Modrzejewska) became a theater legend during her lifetime. An outstanding actress... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 30, 1656 - Polish army was defeated in the battle of Warsaw by Swedish and Brandenburgian-Prussian forces. It was a major battle in the Second Northern ... |
| https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 29, 1979 - The Young Poland Movement was established in Gdańsk. It was an anti-communist organization formed by a group of young people active in the de... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 28, 1998 - Zbigniew Herbert died in Warsaw. He was a Polish poet, essayist, drama writer, and moralist. Herbert is one of the best-known and the most tr... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 27, 1597 - Jakub Wujek died in Kraków. A Polish Jesuit, writer, Doctor of Theology, and Vice-Chancellor of the Academy of Vilnius, Wujek also translated... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 26, 1941 - Kazimierz Bartel was murdered by special order of Heinrich Himmler. Bartel was an established Polish mathematician, rector of Lwów Polytechni... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 25, 1510 - Florian Ungler founded the first printing house in Poland, that printed books entirely in the Polish language. Ungler’s typographic collectio... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 24, 1969 - Witold Gombrowicz died in Vence, France. A Polish poet and playwright, Gombrowicz is now considered one of the foremost figures of Polish lit... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 23, 1422 - King Władysław Jagiełło signed the Privilege of Czerwińsk. With this privilege, the King pledged to the nobility that he would not confiscate... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 22, 1944 - The Polish Committee of National Liberation, a Soviet-backed administration, published its manifesto. It is regarded as the symbolic starting... |
| /szymon-czechowicz-old-polish-... | Neues Fenster | July 21, 1775 - Szymon Czechowicz died in Warsaw. He was one of the most prominent Polish painters of the Baroque period, known for his portraits and sacral ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 20, 1897 - Tadeusz Reichstein was born in Włocławek. A Polish-Swiss chemist and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1950) for his work o... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 19, 1943 - A Nazi German concentration camp, commonly known as "Gęsiówka", was established in Warsaw. It was built on the ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto by ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 18, 1944 - After winning the Battle of Ancona, the armored troops of the Polish II Corps liberated the Italian city of Ancona from the Nazi Germans. Aft... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 17, 1399 - Jadwiga of Poland died in Kraków. She was the first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland and reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death.... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 16, 1519 - The Lubrański Academy was established in Poznań. A university college founded by Bishop Jan Lubrański, the Academy introduced new and downrig... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 15, 1410 - The Battle of Grunwald took place. The allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the army of the Teuto... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 14, 1854 - Jacek Malczewski was born. Often referred to as the father of Polish Symbolism, Malczewski is one of the most revered painters in Poland’s hi... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 13, 2000 - Jan Karski died in Washington. He was a Polish soldier and resistance fighter. Between 1940 and 1943, Karski reported to the Polish Governmen... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 12, 1945 - The Augustów roundup took place. It was a military operation against the Polish anti-communist resistance movement following the Soviet takeo... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 11, 1943 - The nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army, aided by the local Ukrainian peasants, simultaneously attacked at least 99 Polish settlements withi... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 10, 1834 - Wawrzyniec Żmurko was born in Jaworów. He was a Polish mathematician, inventor of conographic geometric devices, professor at Lwów University... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 9, 1521 - The Royal Sigismund Bell was installed in the Sigismund Tower of the Wawel Cathedral in Krakow. It tolls on special occasions, primarily relig... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 8, 1796 - Adam Naruszewicz died in Janów Podlaski. He was a Polish nobleman, historian, poet, playwright, translator, and publicist. He was also a Jesui... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 6, 2000 - Władysław Szpilman died in Warsaw. He was a Polish pianist and composer of Jewish descent. He is most widely known as the protagonist of the 2... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 5, 1921 - The Third Silesian Uprising ended in a ceasefire. It was the last, largest, and longest of the three German-Polish armed conflicts in Upper Si... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 4, 1941 - 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów along with their families were killed by the Nazi German occupation forces. This massacre of the Pol... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 3, 1935 - Michał Bobrzyński died. A notable Polish historian and conservative politician, Bobrzyński was a symbolic figure of the Cracow conservative ci... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | July 2, 1927 - The Metropolitan Archbishop of Warsaw and Primate of Poland, Cardinal Aleksander Kakowski, crowned the icon of Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn [O... |
| /the-union-of-lublin-republica... | Neues Fenster | July 1, 1569 - The Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania signed the Union of Lublin. The treaty merged the two sovereign countries, Poland and Lithu... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 30, 1940 - Gen. Stefan Rowecki became the commander-in-chief of the Union of Armed Struggle and the Armed Forces commander in occupied Poland. In 1944, ... |
| /slawomir-mrozek-cowboy-and-da... | Neues Fenster | June 29, 1930 - Sławomir Mrożek was born in Borzęcin. A Polish dramatist, writer and cartoonist, Mrożek's theatrical works belong to the genre of absurdist f... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 28, 1651 - The Battle of Beresteczko began. Under King John II Casimir, the Polish army defeated a Cossack force led by Bohdan Chmielnicki in one of the... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 27, 1941 - German police battalions burned down the Great Synagogue in Białystok, killing the approximately 2000 Jews imprisoned there. |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 26, 1295 - Przemysł II was crowned King of Poland in Gniezno. Since that day, the white eagle has been the symbol of Poland. |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 25, 1976 - A series of protests and demonstrations in the People's Republic of Poland followed the announcement of food price increases. The communist a... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 24, 972 - The army of Mieszko I of Poland defeated Hodo or Odo I of Lusatia in Cedynia near the Oder river. It was the first documented victory of the P... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 23, 1800 - Karol Marcinkowski was born in Poznań. He was known as a Polish physician and social activist in the Greater Poland region. |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 22, 1935 - Szymon Askenazy died in Warsaw. A Polish historian, statesman and diplomat of Jewish descent, Askenazy's work was influential in defining the... |
| /palmiry-and-the-destruction-o... | Neues Fenster | June 20-21, 1940 - In Palmiry near Warsaw, eminent representatives of Poland's political, social and cultural milieu were shot dead by the Germans. About 7,0... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 20, 1885 - Andrzej Gawroński was born in Geneva. He was a Polish Indologist, linguist and polyglot and a Professor of both Jagiellonian University and L... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 19, 1670 - Samuel Przypkowski died in Królewiec. A Polish poet and Socinian theologian, Przypkowski was a leading figure in the Polish Brethren and an a... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 18, 1792 - Polish forces defeated the Russian army in the Battle of Zieleńce. Following this, King Stanislaw August Poniatowski established the Order of... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 17, 1793 - The last Sejm of pre-partition Poland began its proceedings in Grodno. The Grodno Sejm ratified the country's division in a futile attempt to... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 16, 1944 - Colonel Jan Piwnik "Ponury" was killed during a successful attack against German Nazi troops near the village of Jewłasze not far from Vilniu... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 15, 1934 - Poland's Minister of Internal Affairs Bronisław Pieracki was assassinated by a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. |
| /an-image-of-genocide/ | Neues Fenster | June 14, 1940 - Nazi Germans organized the first mass transport to Auschwitz concentration camp. Seven hundred twenty-eight Polish political prisoners and me... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 13, 1833 - Jakub Kubicki died in Wilków. He was a renowned Polish classicist as well as an Empire-style architect and designer of numerous palaces. |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 12, 1915 - Józef Brandt died in Radom. A Polish painter and representative of the Munich School, Brandt's paintings were primarily focused on 17th-centu... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 11, 1940 - Polish submarine ORP "Eagle" was officially declared lost in the North Sea. The boat is best known for its escape from internment in neutral ... |
| /homily-of-john-paul-ii-delive... | Neues Fenster | June 10, 1979 - The first pilgrimage of Pope John Paul II to Poland ended. It was at this time that he uttered his famous words calling for faith and the cha... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 9, 1855 - Piotr Michałowski died near Kraków. A Polish painter of the Romantic period, he was also a social activist, legal advocate and city administra... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 8, 1956 - Jan Lechoń, a Polish poet and critic of both literature and the theater, committed suicide in New York City. According to Polish exile politic... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 7, 1492 - Casimir IV Jagiellon died in Kraków. Since being crowned King of Poland in 1447, he was an active ruler who led Poland to victory over the Teu... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 6, 1700 - Wespazjan Kochowski died in Kraków. He was a historian and poet of the Polish Baroque and the most recognized representative of the philosophy... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 5, 1894 - The Racławice Panorama officially opened in Stryjski Park in Lwów. A monumental (15 × 114 meter) cycloramic painting depicting the Battle of R... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 4, 1989 - Solidarity's win in the first (somewhat) free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist re... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 3, 1605 - Jan Zamoyski died in Zamość. A Polish nobleman and magnate, Zamoyski was regarded as one of the most skilled politicians and statesmen of his ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 2, 1943 - About 250 Poles from the village of Hurby in Volhynia were murdered by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). It was one of many massacres of Pol... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | June 1, 1926 - Ignacy Mościcki was elected president of Poland by the National Assembly. A chemist and rector of the Lwów Polytechnic, Mościcki was Poland's ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | May 31, 1957 - Leopold Staff died in Skarżysko-Kamienna. He was a Polish poet, considered to be one of the greatest artists of European modernism. |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | May 30, 1505 - Łaski's Statutes were adopted by the Polish parliament in Radom. It was the first codification of law that consolidated nearly all the legisla... |
| /joachim-lelewel-a-bibliophile... | Neues Fenster | May 29, 1861 - Joachim Lelewel died in Paris. He was a Polish historian, geographer, bibliographer, politician and activist of the Great Emigration. |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | May 28, 1941 - Father Maximilian Maria Kolbe was transferred to Auschwitz as prisoner 16670. Kolbe volunteered to take place for a man selected to be starved... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | May 27, 1876 - Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski was born. He was a Polish writer, explorer, university professor, and Sovietologist. His books were translated al... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | May 26. 1331 - King Ladislaus I of Poland organized a meeting of Poland's nobility in the village of Chęciny to discuss the oncoming war with the Teutonic Kn... |
| /jack-fairweather-it-has-been-... | Neues Fenster | May 25, 1948 - Witold Pilecki was murdered in Mokotów in a communist prison. Pilecki was a Polish resistance leader and a member of the Home Army who volunte... |
| /nicolaus-copernicus-a-renaiss... | Neues Fenster | May 24, 1543 - Nicolaus Copernicus died in Frombork, Poland. He was a Renaissance-era polymath and polyglot. In the pioneering book "De revolutionibus", he f... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | May 23, 1786 - Maurycy Beniowski died in Madagascar. He was a Polish military officer, adventurer and author of Hungarian descent. |
| /nicolaus-copernicus-a-renaiss... | Neues Fenster | May 22, 2010 - Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was given a second funeral in Frombork Cathedral after the discovery of his r... |
| /john-iii-sobieski-and-marysie... | | April 21, 1674 - Jan Sobieski was elected the King of Poland. He was an able military leader, most famous for his victory over the Turks at the 1683 Battle o... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | April 20, 1862 - The National Museum in Warsaw was established. It comprises a rich collection of ancient art (including Europe's largest collection of Nubia... |
| /jan-dlugosz-father-of-polish-... | Neues Fenster | May 19, 1480 - Jan Długosz died in Kraków. He was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, and heraldist. |
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| /the-sikorski-maisky-agreement... | | The Sikorski-Maisky Agreement: a tactical success but a strategic defeat The treaty between the Soviet Union and Poland The Sikorski-Maisky Agreement, conclu... |
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| /do-follow-in-the-footsteps-of... | | Do Follow in the Footsteps of Giedroyc and Mieroszewski An interview with Prof. Alfredas Bumblauskas “Lithuanians are a small but very proud nation. Looking ... |
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| /whats-your-emblem/ | | What's your emblem? Short history of Poland's Coat of arms We all know the poem by Władysław Bełza, “The Catechism of a Polish Child,” written in 1900, and w... |
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| /polish-migrants-in-european-f... | | Polish Migrants in European Film 1918-2017 review of the book by Kris Van Heuckelom Kris Van Heuckelom is Associate Professor in Literary Theory and Cultural... |
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