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| /december-1980-the-soviet-inva... | | December 1980: The Soviet invasion of Poland Was Moscow really planning to invade Poland? At the beginning of the winter of 1980, Warsaw Pact countries mobil... |
| /two-men-on-the-jewish-street-... | | Two men on the Jewish street. The fate of Wiktor Alter and Henryk Erlich a story of Polish-Jewish socialists murdered by the Soviets When the Germans invaded... |
| /szymon-czechowicz-old-polish-... | | Szymon Czechowicz: Old Polish Raphael, master of minuet in painting The Genius of the Baroque. Szymon Czechowicz 1689–1775 – the exhibition Politics and cult... |
| /the-november-uprising-more-th... | | The November Uprising: More Than a Romantic Rebellion 190th anniversary of the outbreak of the November Uprising One of the several classic ‘Polish insurgenc... |
| /the-denarii-of-boleslaw-i-the... | | The denarii of Bolesław I the Brave. Poland's first currency on the early history of money in Poland Until recently, it was believed that Mieszko I, Poland's... |
| /across-the-dniester-the-textu... | | Across the Dniester: The Texture of Contact in the Seventeenth-Century Polish-Moldavian Borderland Polish-Moldovan relations in the seventeenth century The c... |
| /dom-pisarzy-w-czasach-zarazy-... | | Dom pisarzy w czasach zarazy. Iwicka 8a [House of Writers In the Time of Plague. Iwicka 8a] review of the book by Tomasz Jastrun On Iwicka Street in the Czer... |
| /a-chilly-refuge-in-spain/ | | A chilly refuge in Spain The Miranda de Ebro concentration camp “The regime in the camp was not as tough and inhumane as in the Nazi camps. But one cannot sa... |
| /union-of-armed-struggle-the-l... | | Union of Armed Struggle: The lost strongholds in the wester borderlands Union of Armed Struggle - the predecessor of the Home Army On 13 November 1939, the U... |
| /the-victors-and-the-polish-ca... | | The Victors and the Polish Cause at the End of the Great War 102st anniversary of the Polish independence When exactly 102 years ago, on 11 November 1918, th... |
| /we-want-solidarity/ | | We want Solidarity! 40th anniversary of the legalization of the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union ‘Solidarity' It was a breakthrough for the whole of Ce... |
| /the-polish-manor-house-a-symb... | | The Polish manor house – A symbol of tradition An interview with Maciej Rydel, Vice-president of the Board of the Polish Landowners' Association “I am the Po... |
| /john-iii-sobieski-and-marysie... | | John III Sobieski and Marysieńka Love letters of the Polish King to his beloved wife King John III Sobieski is remembered as the commander of the victorious ... |
| /genocide-as-a-crime-under-int... | | “Genocide as a Crime under International Law” 76th anniversary of the article by Raphael Lemkin Rafał Lemkin (1900–59) was an outstanding criminal law expert... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 31, 1435 - The Teutonic Knights signed a peace treaty at Brześć Kujawski to end the Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435). After quite long negotiations, ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Extern Subdomain | December 30, 1938 - Cardinal Aleksander Kakowski died in Warsaw. He was a Polish politician, diplomat, and a member of the Regency Council. As Cardinal and A... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 29, 1989 - The Polish Sejm adopted an act amending the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland, under which the name of the country was chan... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 28, 1939 - Polish historian of law, bibliographer, professor and rector of the Jagiellonian University, Stanisław Estreicher, died in a Nazi German ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 27, 1918 - the Polish uprising against Germany broke out in Poznań, after a patriotic speech by Ignacy Paderewski, the famous pianist, who soon beca... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 26, 1820 - Adam Mickiewicz wrote his poem "Ode to Youth" (Oda do Młodości) which was a decisive break with the classical forms in the Polish literat... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 25, 1025 - Mieszko II Lambert was crowned King of Poland. The son of king Bolesław the Brave was thoroughly educated, and knew German, Latin and Gre... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 24, 1473 - Polish priest, scholastic philosopher, physicist and theologian John Cantius died in Kraków. In 1737, he was proclaimed the patron saint ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 23, 1884 - The first episode of the novel “Deluge” (Potop) by Henryk Sienkiewicz was published in the Warsaw-based conservative daily "Word" (Słowo)... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 22, 1914 - The Battle of Łowczówek started. It was a battle during World War I between the First Brigade of the Polish Legions, fighting on the part... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 21, 1878 - Polish logician and philosopher Jan Łukasiewicz was born in Lwów. He is famous for the so called “Polish notation" and "Łukasiewicz logic... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 20, 1982 - Polish-American classical pianist Arthur Rubinstein died in Geneva. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists and Chopin inte... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 19, 1954 - Polish actor, director, theater director Ludwik Solski died in Kraków. He is considered to be one of the greatest Polish actors in histor... |
| https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 18, 1575 - Polish historian and chronicler Marcin Bielski died. He was also a renaissance satirical poet, translator and writer, and was one of the ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 17, 1970 - The most bloody day of the Polish December 1970 protests took place and became known as “Black Thursday”. On this day the army fired into... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 16, 1981 - Pro-Solidarity miners striking against the declaration of martial law by General Wojciech Jaruzelski were dispersed by the troops of the ... |
| https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 15, 1595 - The Polish magnate and statesman, Jerzy Ossoliński, was born. He was a politician and diplomat, Great Crown Chancellor from 1643. Famous ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 14, 1658 - Polish cavalry led by Stefan Czarnecki daringly crossed the sea strait and captured the island of Alsen to aid the Danes fighting against... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 13, 1981 - The authoritarian communist government of the Polish People's Republic under General Wojciech Jaruzelski introduced the martial law. It d... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 12, 1586 - Stephen Báthory died in Grodno. From 1576, he was Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and iure uxoris King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuan... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 11, 1876 - Mieczysław Karłowicz was born. He was a Polish composer and conductor of a late Romantic period. He developed an original musical languag... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 10, 1850 - Józef Bem died in Aleppo. He was a Polish engineer and general, an Ottoman pasha and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, and a figure ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 9, 1922 - Gabriel Narutowicz was elected the first president of the Second Polish Republic. He served as president of Poland for a mere five days, a... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 8, 1990 - Polish theatre director, stage designer and painter Tadeusz Kantor died in Kraków. He was an influential and innovative reformer of theatr... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 7, 1925 - The League of Nations granted Poland the right to maintain a military guard at Westerplatte, a peninsula located in the harbor channel of ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 6, 1520 - Barbara Radziwiłłówna was born. She would become Queen of Poland, the wife of King Sigismund II, the last male monarch of the Jagiellon dy... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 5, 1867 - Józef Piłsudski was born in Zułów. He was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State and First Marshal of Poland. He is viewed as... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 4, 1942 - The Polish Council to Aid Jews was formed with the Government Delegation for Poland. It was an underground Polish resistance organization,... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 3, 1857 - Polish-British writer Joseph Conrad (Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski) was born in Berdyczów. He is regarded as one of the greatest noveli... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | December 2, 1789 - A Black Procession took place in Warsaw. It was inspired by Hugo Kołłątaj, and was led by city's mayor, Jan Dekert. The burghers demanded ... |
| /jan-dlugosz-father-of-polish-... | Neues Fenster | December 1, 1415 - Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat and soldier Jan Długosz was born. He was an author of numerous historical publications, including the ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 30, 1591 - Saint Andrew Bobola was born. He was a Polish missionary and martyr of the Society of Jesus, known as the "hunter of souls". He was tortu... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 29, 1830 - Young students of the School of Infantry Cadets in Warsaw under the command of Lieutenant Piotr Wysocki started the November Uprising aga... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 28, 1627 - The Battle of Oliwa took place. It was a naval battle which was fought slightly north of the port of Gdańsk, off the coast of the village... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 27, 1922 - The last session of the Legislative Sejm of the Second Polish Republic took place. It was the first elected parliament of the independent... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 26, 1855 - Adam Mickiewicz died in Constantinople. He was a Polish poet, dramatist and political activist, but was foremost the principal figure in ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 25, 1728 - Polish priest, historian and diarist Jędrzej Kitowicz was born. He is best known as the author of two treatises: “Description of Customs ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 24, 1227 - The prince of Kraków, Leszek the White (Leszek Biały), was murdered during a congress of Piast rulers in Gąsawa in the Kujawy region. The... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 23, 1793 - Grodno Sejm ended. It was the last Sejm (session of parliament) in the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was the last and... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 22, 1827 - Karol Estreicher, Senior was born in Kraków. He was a Polish historian of literature and theater, literary critic, bibliographer and a lo... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 20, 1898 - An equestrian statue of the King of Poland John III Sobieski, funded by the city of Lwów, was officially unveiled in the city. When the c... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 19, 1765 - The National Theatre in Warsaw was founded by King Stanislaw August Poniatowski. Up until today, the National Theater remains one of the ... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 18, 1860 - Polish pianist and statesman Ignacy Jan Paderewski was born. In the first two decades of 20th century he became an influential spokesman ... |
| https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 17, 1577 - Jan Herburt died in Felsztyn. He was a Polish historian, humanist, lawyer and the author of many works on diplomatic issues. He was one o... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 16, 1603 - Father Augustyn Kordecki was born. He was curate and provincial of the Jasna Góra Monastery. In 1655, during the Deluge he led the Polish... |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | November 15, 1916 - Polish journalist, novelist and Nobel Prize laureate Henryk Sienkiewicz died in Vevey, Switzerland. He is best remembered for his histori... |
| https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | Neues Fenster Extern Subdomain | On 14 November 1801, Polish Catholic priest, educator, writer, and philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment Grzegorz Piramowicz died. He was an important figu... |
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| /gallus-anonymus-the-first-chr... | | Gallus Anonymus. The first chronicler of the history of Poland Secret of the author of the Polish Chronicle In historiography and literary tradition, he is c... |
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| /the-polish-manor-house-a-symb... | | The Polish manor house – A symbol of tradition An interview with Maciej Rydel, Vice-president of the Board of the Polish Landowners' Association “I am the Po... |
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| /how-adam-mickiewicz-turned-in... | | How Adam Mickiewicz turned into stone, or a short history of the bard's monuments The 222nd anniversary of Adam Mickiewicz's birthday It is easier to wipe a ... |
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| /facts-and-myths-of-polish-eas... | | Facts and myths of Polish Eastern policy during the breakthrough period essay on the book by Paweł Kowal The history of Polish transformation and the first y... |
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