Sabo.de - SEO Checker

Sign up for free! PDF Export
Overview of the SEO Check
Meta information
80% 
Page quality
78% 
Page structure
58% 
Link structure
25% 
Server
83% 
External factors
33% 
SEO Score
Response time
0.34 s
File size
86.40 kB
Words
924
Media files
74
Number of links
94 internal / 10 external

Task list of SEO Improvements

Meta specifications

Title
(Critically important)
sabo.de - Systeme und Lösungen für die Industrie- und Gebäudeautomation - Sabo Elektronik GmbH (DE)
The page title should be shorter than 580 pixels. It is 954 pixels long. Optimize title
The domain is used in the page's title.
There are no duplicate words in the title
Meta description
(Critically important)
Die inhabergeführte SABO Elektronik GmbH liefert bereits seit 1985 Systeme und Elektronikkomponenten für die Automatisierungs- und Gebäudetechnik.
The length of the meta description is perfect. (946 pixels out of 1000 max pixel length)
Crawlability
(Critically important)
There are no problems in accessing the website.
Canonical URL
(Important)
https://sabo.de/startseite
There is a valid canonical link specified.
Language
(Somewhat important)
Language detected in text: de
Language defined in HTML: de
Server location: United States of America
The following language is defined by HTML: de
Alternate/Hreflang Links
(Somewhat important)
There are no alternate links specified on this page.
Other meta tags
(Somewhat important)
There is no rel next meta tag on this page.
There is no rel prev meta tag on this page.
Domain
(Somewhat important)
The domain is no subdomain.
The domain length is good.
The domain does not contain non-latin characters.
Page URL
(Somewhat important)
No parameters were found in the URL.
No session ID was found in the URL.
The URL does not have too many subdirectories.
Charset encoding
(Somewhat important)
The charset encoding (UTF-8) is set correctly.
Doctype
(Nice to have)
The doctype HTML 5 is set correctly.
The doctype is placed at first in the HTML code.
Favicon
(Nice to have)
The favicon is linked correctly.

Meta tags

NameValue
viewportwidth=device-width,initial-scale=1.0
robotsindex,follow
descriptionDie inhabergeführte SABO Elektronik GmbH liefert bereits seit 1985 Systeme und Elektronikkomponenten für die Automatisierungs- und Gebäudetechnik.
generatorContao Open Source CMS
langde
charsetUTF-8

Test up to 1.000 webpages of sabo.de with our free plan!

Try For Free
No trial. It's just free!

Page quality

Content
(Critically important)
This page contains 924 words. That's ok.
32.7% of the text are stop words.
Keywords used in the page title are also used in the page content. That's good!
The page contains a listing, which indicates a good text layout.
13 paragraphs were found on this page.
The text content is perfect.
No placeholders texts or images were found.
There are no duplicates on the site.
The average number of words per sentence of 17.68 words is good.
Frames
(Critically important)
This page does not use a frameset.
Mobile optimization
(Somewhat important)
A viewport "width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0" is provided.
At least one Apple touch icon is specified.
Bold and strong tags
(Somewhat important)
Some tags are too long. With 114 characters this one is longer than 70 characters:
"passgenaue lösungen für alle bereiche der industrie-automation und skalierbare lösungen für die gebäud..."
The following tag is repeated too often: und/oder
Image SEO
(Somewhat important)
71 images have no alt attribute. The content of alt attributes is used by search engines.
Social Networks
(Nice to have)
There are only a few social sharing widgets on the page. Make your website popular in social networks with social sharing widgets.
Additional markup
(Nice to have)
No additional page markup was found.
HTTPS
(Somewhat important)
This website uses HTTPS to protect privacy and integrity of the exchanged data.
All included files are also transferred via HTTPS.

Media list

URLAlt attributeTitle
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-small.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow-back.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
...images/1_header/sabo-sps-steuerungen.jpgZu sehen ist ein Wolfsrudel und der Slogan ALPHA IN AUTOMATION - SPS-Steuerungen in Codesys
...es/assets/images/1_header/Alpha-your.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/readmore.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
.../lp-sps-steuerungen/sps-steuerungen.webpDie SPS-Steuerungen der SABO Elektronik GmbH werden ausnahmslos in Deutschland gefertigt
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
...s/images/lp-sps-codesys/sps-codesys.webpSPS-Steuerungen mit CODESYS von SABO
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
...mages/2_content/sabo-company-content.jpgNo alt attribute provided
...00_Terminals_start1973x1758-ea4b31f3.pngNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
..._und_siegel/Umwelt-Siegel_1367-755Px.pngNo alt attribute provided
...content/oekonomie-oekologie_gebaeude.svgNo alt attribute provided
.../2_content/oekonomie-oekologie_solar.svgNo alt attribute provided
...start-slider-plm800-master-terminals.pngNo alt attribute provided
...images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo_.svgNo alt attribute provided
...-slider-plm850-master-kompaktsysteme.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
...te/start-slider-plm800-erweiterungen.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
...e/start-slider-plm796-kompaktsysteme.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
...-slider-plm730-modularesteuersysteme.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
...e/start-slider-plm760-kompaktsysteme.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
...e-header-plm770-19zoll-steuersysteme.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
...dukte/start-slider-plm788-raumregler.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
...kte/start-slider-plm790-bedienfelder.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/logo_und_siegel/codesys_logo.svgNo alt attribute provided
/assets/images/6/CODESYS-f067e13d.pngNo alt attribute provided
.../images/a/Individuell_echt2-77516adb.pngNo alt attribute provided
/assets/images/c/Individuell4-70d4b57f.jpgNo alt attribute provided
/assets/images/c/Individuell2-88c093e0.jpgNo alt attribute provided
/assets/images/f/Individuell3-3130b71d.jpgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/readmore.svgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
/assets/images/2/Video_Befest-5544be28.pngNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/icons/arrow.svgNo alt attribute provided
...ts/images/5/20240108_102224-154c1a30.jpgNo alt attribute provided
/files/assets/images/3_produkte/HMI.jpgNo alt attribute provided
...images/2_content/sabo-company-footer.svgNo alt attribute provided
...ages/logo_und_siegel/logo-teamviewer.svgNo alt attribute provided
...ages/logo_und_siegel/logo-teamviewer.svgNo alt attribute provided

Page structure

H1 heading
(Critically important)
There is no H1 heading specified.
Headings
(Important)
Some headings occur twice on the page.
The structure of headings is missing one or more levels. Do not skip heading levels.
There are 61 headings on the page. The amount of headings should be in a more proper relation to the amount of text.
Some headings do not have any content.

Heading structure

Heading levelContent
H2 Nichts gefunden?
H2 +49 (0) 2304 971020
H2 Was suchen sie?
H2 +49 (2304) 971020
H2 SPS-Steuerungen: Produkte & Service
H2 SABO nutzt die Power von CODESYS
H2 Wir automatisieren Ihre Prozesse
H2 Qualität made in Germany
H2 Ökonomie durch Ökologie
H2 Unsere Systemfamilien
H2 Master-Terminals
H2 Master-Kompaktsysteme
H2 Erweiterungs-komponenten
H2 Kompakt-Terminals
H2 Modulare Steuersysteme
H2 Kompakte Steuersysteme
H2 19“ Rack-Steuersysteme
H2 Raumregler
H2 Bedienfelder
H2 CODESYS V2 CODESYS V3
H2 Maßgeschneidert: Individuelle Lösungen
H2 Empty heading
H2 Mit einem Klick zum Ziel
H2 Jetzt anrufen +49 (0) 2304 971020
H2 +49 (0) 2304 971020 Duplicate text
H2 Das clevere Befestigungssystem bei SABO
H2 SABO investiert in die Zukunft!
H2 Neue HMI WebTerminal generation
H3 Wir bieten auch
H3 Oder rufen sie uns an
H3 Noch keinen Zugang?
H3 Kunden-Downloads freischalten
H3 Familienunternehmen SABO
H3 Shipping worldwide made in Germany
H3 Nachhaltigkeit liegt uns am Herzen
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 800
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmierbar
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 850
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 700 und PLM 800
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert Duplicate text
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 796
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert Duplicate text
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 730
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert Duplicate text
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 760
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert Duplicate text
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 770
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert Duplicate text
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 788
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert Duplicate text
H3 Systemfamilie PLM 790
H3 in CODESYS nach IEC 61131-3 programmiert Duplicate text
H3 Sprechen Sie uns an. Wir verstehen unser Handwerk.
H3 Jetzt anrufen
H3 SABO Youtube Kanal
H3 +++ Jetzt VERFÜGBAR +++
H3 Optimale Handhabung von CODESYS V3.5 Web-Visualisierungen
H3 Sabo Broschüre Downloaden
H3 Ihr Gerät ist defekt? Hier geht es zur Reparaturanfrage:
H3 +49 (0) 2304 971020 Duplicate text
H3 Abonnieren Sie Jetzt Unseren Newsletter:
Baselink: https://sabo.de/
Some internal links have dynamic parameters. All internal URLs, which are not marked as nofollow, should not contain dynamic parameters.
Some anchor texts are used more than once.
2 links don't have an anchor text.
The number of internal links is ok.
None of the anchor texts is too long.
There are 10 external links on this page.

Found links on this page

LinkAttributesAnchor text
https://sabo.de/produkteProdukte
A-TITLE Produkte
https://sabo.de/sps-steuerungenSPS-Steuerungen
A-TITLE Experten für SPS-Steuerungen mit CODESYS
https://sabo.de/sps-codesysCodesys-Programmierung
A-TITLE CODESYS-Programmierung für SPS-Steuerungen
https://sabo.de/unternehmenUnternehmen
A-TITLE Unternehmen
/qualitaet-und-umweltQualität & Umwelt
A-TITLE Qualität und Umwelt
https://sabo.de/sabo_linksSABO Links
A-TITLE SABO Links
https://sabo.de/downloadsDownloads
A-TITLE Downloadbereich
https://sabo.de/produkteProduktkatalog
A-TITLE Produktkatalog
/sabo-master-terminals-codesysMaster-Terminals
A-TITLE Master-Terminals
/uebersicht-der-systemfamilie-...Web-Terminals
A-TITLE Web HMI
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Master-Kompaktsysteme​
A-TITLE Master-Kompaktsysteme​
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Erweiterungskomponenten
A-TITLE Erweiterungskomponenten
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Kompakt-Terminals
A-TITLE Kompakt-Terminals
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Modulare Steuersysteme
A-TITLE Modulare Steuersysteme
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Kompakte Steuersysteme
A-TITLE Kompakte Steuersysteme
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...19“ Rack-Steuersysteme
A-TITLE 19 Rack-Steuersysteme
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Einzelraumregelsysteme
A-TITLE Einzelraumregelsysteme
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Raumregler
A-TITLE Raumregler
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Bedienfelder
A-TITLE Bedienfelder
https://sabo.de/refurbishedRefurbished
A-TITLE Refurbished
/sabo-master-terminals-codesysÜbersicht der Systemfamilien
A-TITLE SABO SPS Systemfamilien CODESYS
/systemfamilie-masterterminalsSystemfamilie PLM 800
A-TITLE Systemfamilie PLM 800 - CODESYS SPS-Steuerungen
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Text duplicate Master-Terminals
A-TITLE Master-Terminals
/uebersicht-der-systemfamilie-...Systemfamilie PLM 100
A-TITLE Systemfamilie PLM100
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Text duplicate Web-Terminals
A-TITLE Web-Terminals
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...Kompaktsystem PLM 850
A-TITLE Kompaktsystem PLM 850
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...Erweiterungsbaugruppen
A-TITLE Erweiterungsbaugruppen
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Erweiterungskompaktmodule
A-TITLE Erweiterungskompaktmodule
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Kompaktsystem PLM 796
A-TITLE Kompaktsystem PLM 796
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Prozessormodule
A-TITLE Prozessormodule
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...Interface-Module
A-TITLE Interface-Module
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window I/O-Module
A-TITLE I/O-Module
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Messverstärkermodule
A-TITLE Messverstärkermodule
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Positioniermodule
A-TITLE Positioniermodule
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Kompakte Steuersysteme PLM 760
A-TITLE Kompakte Steuersysteme PLM 760
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window 19“-Steuersysteme
A-TITLE 19“-Steuersysteme
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Einzelraumregelsystem PLM 765
A-TITLE Einzelraumregelsystem PLM 765
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Raumregler PLM 788
A-TITLE Raumregler PLM 788
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
A-TITLE Beschreibung der Systemfamilie
/produkte?filter[]=Produktseri...New window Bedienfelder PLM 790
A-TITLE Bedienfelder PLM 790
https://sabo.de/refurbishedText duplicate Refurbished
A-TITLE Refurbished
https://sabo.de/produkteindividuelle Lösungen
https://sabo.de/produkteAlle Produkte
https://sabo.test/External Mehr Infos zu unserem Basic Control System
https://sabo.de/merklisteNo Text
https://sabo.de/No Text
https://sabo.de/startseiteNavigation überspringen
https://sabo.de/startseiteStartseite
A-TITLE Startseite
https://sabo.de/produkteText duplicate Produkte
A-TITLE Produkte
https://sabo.de/startseiteWir automatisieren Ihre Prozesse
https://sabo.de/sps-steuerungenSPS kurz erklärt
https://sabo.de/sps-codesysMehr über CODESYS
https://sabo.de/unternehmenMehr zu unseren Stärken
/qualitaet-und-umweltErfahren Sie mehr
/systemfamilie-masterterminalsZur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
/beschreibung-der-systemfamili...Text duplicate Zur Systemfamilie
https://sabo.de/kontaktKontakt aufnehmen
https://sabo.de/kontaktJetzt anfragen
https://sabo.de/Master-TerminalsText duplicate Master-Terminals
https://sabo.de/ErweiterungenErweiterungen
https://sabo.de/PLM700APLM 700A
https://sabo.de/BedienfelderText duplicate Bedienfelder
https://sabo.de/I/O-ModuleText duplicate I/O-Module
https://sabo.de/Web-TerminalsText duplicate Web-Terminals
https://sabo.de/Interface-ModuleText duplicate Interface-Module
https://sabo.de/BACnetBACnet
https://sabo.de/oem-kopie-2Profinet
https://sabo.de/PLM730PLM 730
/KompaktsteuerungenKompaktsteuerungen
https://www.youtube.com/@SaboE...External Subdomain Zum Youtube-Kanal
/files/downloads/Sabo-Broschür...New window Text duplicate Unternehmen
/files/downloads/tools/Rücksen...New window Rücksendeformular
A-TITLE Rücksendeformular
/files/downloads/tools/sabo_qu...New window Nofollow Download Teamviewer
https://sabo.de/kontaktText duplicate Kontakt aufnehmen
/files/downloads/tools/sabo_qu...New window Nofollow No Text
https://www.youtube.com/@SaboE...New window Nofollow External Subdomain Youtube
https://www.instagram.com/sabo...New window Nofollow External Subdomain Instagram
https://www.facebook.com/SABOE...New window Nofollow External Subdomain Facebook
https://www.linkedin.com/compa...New window Nofollow External Subdomain LinkedIn
https://sabo.de/agbNew window AGB
https://sabo.de/impressumImpressum
https://sabo.de/datenschutzDatenschutz
https://www.youtube.com/@SaboE...New window Nofollow External Subdomain Text duplicate Youtube
https://www.instagram.com/sabo...New window Nofollow External Subdomain Text duplicate Instagram
https://www.facebook.com/SABOE...New window Nofollow External Subdomain Text duplicate Facebook
https://www.linkedin.com/compa...New window Nofollow External Subdomain Text duplicate LinkedIn
https://sabo.de/agbNew window Text duplicate AGB
https://sabo.de/impressumText duplicate Impressum
https://sabo.de/datenschutzText duplicate Datenschutz

Server configuration

HTTP redirects
(Critically important)
The checked page does not redirect to another URL.
HTTP header
(Important)
The web server version is sent within the HTTP header.
The X-powered header is sent within the response header. (unnecessary)
This page uses GZip for compressed data transmission.
Performance
(Somewhat important)
The page response time is excellent with 0.34 seconds.
The file size of the HTML document is fine (86 kB).

HTTP Response Header

NameValue
dateWed, 04 Sep 2024 11:58:27 GMT
serverApache/2.4.48 (FreeBSD) OpenSSL/1.0.2u mod_fcgid/2.3.9
cache-controlno-cache, no-store, private
x-powered-byPHP/8.1.8
x-content-type-optionsnosniff
referrer-policyno-referrer-when-downgrade, strict-origin-when-cross-origin
permissions-policyinterest-cohort=()
x-xss-protection1; mode=block
contao-cachemiss
strict-transport-securitymax-age=15768000
varyAccept-Encoding,User-Agent
content-encodinggzip
content-typetext/html; charset=UTF-8
statuscode200
http_versionHTTP/2

External factors

Blacklists
(Nice to have)
This website is not classified "for adult only".
This page has only a few links from other websites.
This page only has backlinks from 3 referring domains.
This page only has 3 backlinks.
This page only has few backlinks from 2 different ip addresses.
This page is referenced by wikipedia.
Facebook popularity
(Somewhat important)
The page has 0 shares and comments on Facebook.

Links from Wikipedia

You can find more links using Wikipedia search

Robots.txt

User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow:

User-agent: AdsBot-Google
Disallow:

User-agent: Googlebot-Image
Disallow:

Similar sites

Search preview

sabo.de › startseite
sabo.de - Systeme und Lösungen für die Industrie- und Gebäudeautoma...
Die inhabergeführte SABO Elektronik GmbH liefert bereits seit 1985 Systeme und Elektronikkomponenten für die Automatisierungs- und Gebäudetechnik.

Most important keywords

Following keywords were found. You can check the keyword optimization of this page for each keyword.

KeywordResultRecheck
SABO75%Check
SABO Elektronik69%Check
Systeme68%Check
SABO Elektronik GmbH66%Check
Elektronik GmbH59%Check
SABO Elektronik GmbH liefert59%Check
SABO investiert58%Check
Lösungen55%Check
GmbH liefert51%Check
AUTOMATION51%Check
Show more keywords and terms

Test up to 1.000 webpages of sabo.de with our free plan!

Try For Free
No trial. It's just free!

Cookie Policy

We use cookies to make our site work and also for analytics and advertising purposes. You can enable or disable optional cookies as desired. See the following links for more information.

Contact | Privacy

We need these so the site can function properly

So we can better understand how visitors use our website

So we can serve you tailored ads and promotions