Epo.org - SEO Checker

Overview of the SEO Check
Meta information
77% 
Page quality
59% 
Page structure
58% 
Link structure
25% 
Server
92% 
External factors
100% 
SEO Score
Response time
0.10 s
File size
651.40 kB
Words
4226
Media files
36
Number of links
1024 internal / 22 external

Task list of SEO Improvements

Meta specifications

Title
(Critically important)
Homepage | epo.org
The page title is too short. (185 pixels of 580 max pixel length) Optimize title
There are no duplicate words in the title
Meta description
(Critically important)
The meta description is missing.
Crawlability
(Critically important)
There are no problems in accessing the website.
Canonical URL
(Important)
https://www.epo.org/en
There is a valid canonical link specified.
Language
(Somewhat important)
Language detected in text: en
Language defined in HTML: en
Server location: United States of America
The following language is defined by HTML: en
Alternate/Hreflang Links
(Somewhat important)
The specified alternate links have no errors.
Other meta tags
(Somewhat important)
There is no rel next meta tag on this page.
There is no rel prev meta tag on this page.
Domain
(Somewhat important)
The domain is no subdomain.
The domain length is good.
The domain does not contain non-latin characters.
Page URL
(Somewhat important)
No parameters were found in the URL.
No session ID was found in the URL.
The URL does not have too many subdirectories.
Charset encoding
(Somewhat important)
The charset encoding (UTF-8) is set correctly.
Doctype
(Nice to have)
The doctype HTML 5 is set correctly.
The doctype is placed at first in the HTML code.
Favicon
(Nice to have)
The favicon is linked correctly.

Meta tags

NameValue
GeneratorDrupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)
MobileOptimizedwidth
HandheldFriendlytrue
viewportwidth=device-width, initial-scale=1.0
langen
charsetutf-8

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Page quality

Content
(Critically important)
The content of this page is too large (4226 words). Maybe the content could be divided into several pages.
The average number of words per sentence of 31 words is high.
15.2% of the text are stop words.
Words from the H1 heading are used in the page content.
The page contains a listing, which indicates a good text layout.
5 paragraphs were found on this page.
No placeholders texts or images were found.
There are no duplicates on the site.
Frames
(Critically important)
This page does not use a frameset.
Mobile optimization
(Somewhat important)
No Apple touch icon is specified.
The file size of the HTML document is very large (651.4 kB).
A viewport "width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" is provided.
Bold and strong tags
(Somewhat important)
The usage of strong and bold tags is perfect. We recommend the use of up to 85 tags for this page.
Image SEO
(Somewhat important)
Alt text (alternative text) is correctly used on all found images.
Social Networks
(Nice to have)
There are only a few social sharing widgets on the page. Make your website popular in social networks with social sharing widgets.
Additional markup
(Nice to have)
No additional page markup was found.
HTTPS
(Somewhat important)
This website uses HTTPS to protect privacy and integrity of the exchanged data.
All included files are also transferred via HTTPS.

Media list

URLAlt attributeTitle
/themes/custom/epo_org/logo.svgHome
/themes/custom/epo_org/logo_mobile.svgHome
...wledge-forum-720x237px.jpg?itok=dpOc2y8nPatent Knowledge Forum
...mages/UP PCMM 1200x400.jpg?itok=Nf2zdo4yUP
... Text WEB_1920 x 640_2.jpg?itok=w8ryNFmzlegal text
...t generic 1200x400 (1).jpg?itok=m8jxruyJPodcast
...t Academy 1200 x 400_0.jpg?itok=Hr8_ofjjEuropean Patent Academy
...PI_key-visual_1200x400.jpg?itok=clHR3GDzabout us
...m_Keyvisual_1900x500px.jpg?itok=NbJS7E81Decorative image
...920x500px_without_text.jpg?itok=s-WV-HUfCodeFest 2024
...11/Get_access_1920x500.jpg?itok=WQaLa8bjGet access 1920x500px
.../Opposition_1920x500px.jpg?itok=MHPjoearKeyvisual for "Opposition matters 2024" showing two arrows, in yellow/green pointing against each other
...1920x1080px.jpg?h=920929c4&itok=1RUZS_YJMy EPO Portfolio
...1920x1080px.jpg?h=920929c4&itok=6WJ5m1pWSACEPO
...0 x 1080 px.jpg?h=920929c4&itok=0Y23kmzJQuality dashboard
...r-1920x1080.jpg?h=920929c4&itok=OxF25YvrExcellence barometer
...bessert-RR2.jpg?h=920929c4&itok=5stHZX58https://intranet.epo.org/news-more/news/epo-signs-amended-seat-agreement-germany
...1920x1080px.jpg?h=920929c4&itok=baoDi7cYPeople holding hybrid meeting in meeting room with screens, table, chairs
...1920x1080_0.jpg?h=920929c4&itok=tIhbMJ_uQuality
... 1920x1080.jpeg?h=920929c4&itok=BYHuRvL2Theodoros Stamatiadis, GE Vernova’s Executive Counsel (IP)
...1920 x 1080.jpg?h=1afbe7f3&itok=73vjyAfqOpposition matters
...4_1920x1080.jpg?h=3b6f1db0&itok=Y0d6Kzq4Litigation Matters conference 2024
...m_Keyvisual.jpg?h=a34110a1&itok=S--TkzvLDecorative image
data:[...] Base64Preview image for the video "Impressions from the workshop on improving clarity in patent applications​" - sqaps.Preview image for the video "Impressions from the workshop on improving clarity in patent applications​".
data:[...] Base64Preview image for the video "#6 How to choose between a patent or trade secret?" - Headstart.Preview image for the video "#6 How to choose between a patent or trade secret?".
data:[...] Base64Preview image for the video "Interview with GE Vernova" - Theodoros Stamatiadis, GE Vernova’s Executive Counsel (IP).Preview image for the video "Interview with GE Vernova".
data:[...] Base64Preview image for the video "The Long Night of Munich Museums 2024" - Key visual of the "Long Nights of Museums" of the year 2024 showing a garbage sculpture looking roughly like a person on mainly pink background.Preview image for the video "The Long Night of Munich Museums 2024".
data:[...] Base64Patent Index 2023
...rency_Portal_550x736px.jpg?itok=uR8cPPPWPhoto of the EPO's building in The Hague
data:[...] Base64decorative image
data:[...] Base64Blue background, lines going through space forming a tube
/sites/default/files/2024-02/Facebook.svgFacebookFacebook
/sites/default/files/2024-02/Instagram.svgInstagramInstagram
/sites/default/files/2024-02/Linkedin.svgLinkedinLinkedin
...t/files/2024-02/X (formerly Twitter).svgX (formerly Twitter)X (formerly Twitter)
/sites/default/files/2024-02/Youtube.svgYoutubeYoutube

Page structure

H1 heading
(Critically important)
Patent Knowledge Forum
The H1 heading is perfect.
Headings
(Important)
Some headings occur twice on the page.
The structure of headings is missing one or more levels. Do not skip heading levels.
There are 53 headings on the page. The amount of headings should be in a more proper relation to the amount of text.

Heading structure

Heading levelContent
H1 Patent Knowledge Forum
H1 Meet the CodeFest 2024 finalists!
H1 Accessing MyEPO Services
H1 Opposition Matters 2024
H2 Patent knowledge
H2 Applying for a patent
H2 Law & practice
H2 News & events
H2 Learning
H2 About us
H2 The EPO provides high-quality patents and efficient services that foster innovation, competitiveness and economic growth.
H2 News
H2 Are you new to patents?
H2 Unitary Patent
H2 Events
H2 Videos
H2 Quality – our commitment to excellence
H2 Get to know the EPO!
H4 Searching for patents
H4 Applying for a patent Duplicate text
H4 Law and practice
H4 Boards of Appeal
H5 Main navigation
H5 ​​Connecting MyEPO services with users' IP management systems
H5 ​​Connecting MyEPO services with users' IP management systems Duplicate text
H5 EPO hosts well-received workshop on improving clarity in patent applications
H5 EPO hosts well-received workshop on improving clarity in patent applications Duplicate text
H5 Quarterly update: quality dashboard
H5 Quarterly update: quality dashboard Duplicate text
H5 ​​ISO audit underscores EPO’s commitment to excellence
H5 ​​ISO audit underscores EPO’s commitment to excellence Duplicate text
H5 ​​EPO and German government sign amended seat agreement
H5 ​​EPO and German government sign amended seat agreement Duplicate text
H5 EPO meets with new IP Federation President
H5 EPO meets with new IP Federation President Duplicate text
H5 EPO meets with Siemens
H5 EPO meets with Siemens Duplicate text
H5 ​​EPO meets with GE Vernova
H5 ​​EPO meets with GE Vernova Duplicate text
H5 ​​Opposition Matters 2024
H5 ​​Litigation Matters UP/UPC 2024
H5 Patent Knowledge Forum 2024
H5 EPO Clarity Workshop
H5 A patent or a trade secret?
H5 EPO meets with GA Vernova
H5 The Long Night of Museums 2024
H5 Our statistics and Patent Index
H5 Transparency Portal
H5 Our strategy
H5 Observatory on Patents and Technology
H5 Footer - Service & support
H5 Footer - More links
H5 Footer
There are too many internal links (1024) on this page.
Some internal link anchor texts are too long.
Some internal links have dynamic parameters. All internal URLs, which are not marked as nofollow, should not contain dynamic parameters.
Some anchor texts are used more than once.
3 links don't have an anchor text.
There are 1 links with a trivial anchor text.
There are 22 external links on this page.
LinkAttributesAnchor text
https://www.epo.org/enAnchor Skip to main content
https://www.epo.org/enAnchor Skip to footer
https://www.epo.org/IMG-ALT Home
A-TITLE EPO logo: go to homepage
https://www.epo.org/enHomepage
/searching-for-patentsGo to overview
/en/searching-for-patentsOverview
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Espacenet - patent search
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...European Publication Server
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...EP full-text search
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Bibliographic coverage in Espacenet and OPS
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Full-text coverage in Espacenet and OPS
/en/searching-for-patents/legalText duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/lega...European Patent Register
/en/searching-for-patents/lega...European Patent Bulletin
/en/searching-for-patents/lega...European Case Law Identifier sitemap
/en/searching-for-patents/lega...Third-party observations
/en/searching-for-patents/busi...Text duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/busi...PATSTAT
/en/searching-for-patents/busi...IPscore
/en/searching-for-patents/busi...Patent insight reports
/en/searching-for-patents/dataText duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/data...Linked open EP data
/en/searching-for-patents/data...Bulk data sets
/en/searching-for-patents/data...Web services
/en/searching-for-patents/data...Coverage, codes and statistics
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Water innovation
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Space innovation
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Technologies combatting cancer
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Firefighting technologies
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Clean energy technologies
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Fighting coronavirus
/en/searching-for-patents/help...Text duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/help...First time here?
/en/searching-for-patents/help...Asian patent information
/en/searching-for-patents/help...Patent information centres
/en/searching-for-patents/help...Patent Translate
/en/searching-for-patents/help...Patent Knowledge News
/en/searching-for-patents/help...Business and statistics
/en/searching-for-patents/help...Unitary Patent information in patent knowledge
/en/news-events/events/patent-...Subdomain Join the Patent Knowledge Forum on 4 December 2024
https://www.epo.org/applyingText duplicate Go to overview
https://www.epo.org/en/applyingText duplicate Overview
/en/applying/europeanText duplicate Overview
/en/legal/guide-epcEuropean Patent Guide
/en/applying/european/oppositionsOppositions
/en/applying/european/oral-pro...Oral proceedings
/en/applying/european/appealsAppeals
/en/applying/european/unitaryUnitary Patent & Unified Patent Court
/en/applying/european/validationNational validation
/en/applying/international/req...Request for extension/validation
/en/applying/internationalText duplicate Overview
/en/legal/guide-europctEuro-PCT Guide – PCT procedure at the EPO
/en/applying/international/dec...EPO decisions and notices
/en/applying/international/pro...PCT provisions and resources
/en/applying/international/req...Extension/validation request
/en/applying/international/rei...Reinforced partnership programme
/en/applying/international/acc...Accelerating your PCT application
/en/applying/international/pat...Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH)
/en/applying/international/tra...Training and events
/en/applying/nationalNational route
/en/applying/representativesFind a professional representative
/en/applying/myepo-servicesText duplicate Overview
/en/applying/myepo-services/un...Understand our services
/en/applying/myepo-services/ge...Get access
/en/applying/myepo-services/fi...File with us
/en/applying/myepo-services/in...Interact with us on your files
/en/applying/myepo-services/on...Online Filing & fee payment outages
/en/applying/formsText duplicate Overview
/en/applying/forms/examinationRequest for examination
/en/applying/feesText duplicate Overview
/en/applying/fees/feesEuropean fees (EPC)
/en/applying/fees/internationa...International fees (PCT)
/en/applying/fees/unitary-pate...Unitary Patent fees (UP)
/en/applying/fees/paymentFee payment and refunds
/en/applying/fees/warningWarning
https://new.epo.org/en/applyin...External Subdomain IMG-ALT UP
https://new.epo.org/en/applyin...External Subdomain Find out how the Unitary Patent can enhance your IP strategy
https://www.epo.org/law-practiceText duplicate Go to overview
/en/law-practiceText duplicate Overview
https://www.epo.org/en/legalText duplicate Overview
https://www.epo.org/en/legal/epcEuropean Patent Convention
/en/legal/official-journalOfficial Journal
/en/legal/guidelinesGuidelines
/en/legal/extension-validation...Extension / validation system
/en/legal/london-agreementLondon Agreement
/en/legal/national-lawNational law relating to the EPC
/en/legal/up-upcUnitary patent system
/en/legal/national-measures-upNational measures relating to the Unitary Patent
/en/law-practice/court-practicesText duplicate Overview
/en/law-practice/court-practic...European Patent Judges' Symposium
/en/law-practice/consultationText duplicate Overview
/en/law-practice/consultation/...Ongoing consultations
/en/law-practice/consultation/...Completed consultations
/en/law-practice/harmonisationText duplicate Overview
/en/law-practice/harmonisation...The Tegernsee process
/en/law-practice/harmonisation...Group B+
/en/law-practice/convergence-o...Convergence of practice
/en/law-practice/options-profe...Options for professional representatives
https://www.epo.org/legalIMG-ALT legal text
https://new.epo.org/en/legalExternal Subdomain Deepen your IP knowledge: access our legal texts collection
https://www.epo.org/news-eventsText duplicate Go to overview
/en/news-eventsText duplicate Overview
/en/news-events/newsNews
/en/news-events/eventsEvents
/en/news-events/european-inven...Text duplicate Overview
/en/news-events/european-inven...About the award
/en/news-events/european-inven...Categories and prizes
/en/news-events/european-inven...Meet the finalists
/en/news-events/european-inven...Nominations
/en/news-events/european-inven...European Inventor Network
/en/news-events/european-inven...The 2024 event
/en/news-events/young-inventor...Text duplicate Overview
/en/news-events/young-inventor...About the prize
/en/news-events/young-inventor...Text duplicate Nominations
/en/news-events/press-centreText duplicate Overview
/en/news-events/press-centre/p...Patent Index and statistics
/en/news-events/press-centre/s...Search in press centre
/en/news-events/press-centre/b...Background information
/en/news-events/press-centre/c...Copyright
/en/news-events/press-centre/c...Press contacts
/en/call-back-formCall back form
/en/email-alert-serviceEmail alert service
/en/news-events/in-focusText duplicate Overview
/en/news-events/in-focus/waterWater-related technologies
/en/news-events/in-focus/codefestCodeFest
/en/news-events/in-focus/green...Green tech in focus
/en/news-events/in-focus/ip-an...IP and youth
/en/news-events/in-focus/researchResearch institutes
/en/news-events/in-focus/women...Women inventors
/en/news-events/in-focus/lifes...Lifestyle
/en/news-events/in-focus/spaceSpace and satellites
/en/news-events/in-focus/medic...The future of medicine
/en/news-events/in-focus/mater...Materials science
/en/news-events/in-focus/mobil...Mobile communications
/en/news-events/in-focus/biote...Biotechnology
/en/news-events/in-focus/class...Patent classification
/en/news-events/in-focus/ictDigital technologies
/en/news-events/in-focus/futur...The future of manufacturing
/en/news-events/in-focus/booksBooks by EPO experts
/en/news-events/podcast"Talk innovation" podcast
https://new.epo.org/en/news-ev...External Subdomain From ideas to inventions: tune into our podcast for the latest in tech and IP
https://www.epo.org/learningText duplicate Go to overview
https://www.epo.org/en/learningText duplicate Overview
/en/learning/learning-activiti...Text duplicate Overview
/en/learning/learning-activiti...Learning activities
/en/learning/learning-activiti...Learning paths
/en/learning/eqe-epacText duplicate Overview
/en/learning/eqe-epac/european...EQE - European qualifying examination
/en/learning/eqe-epac/epac-eur...EPAC - European patent administration certification
/en/learning/learning-resource...Text duplicate Overview
/en/learning/learning-resource...Patent granting
/en/learning/learning-resource...Technology transfer and dissemination
/en/learning/learning-resource...Patent enforcement and litigation
/en/learning/learning-resource...Text duplicate Overview
/en/learning/learning-resource...Business and IP managers
/en/learning/learning-resource...EQE and EPAC Candidates
/en/learning/learning-resource...Judges, lawyers and prosecutors
/en/learning/learning-resource...National offices and IP authorities
/en/learning/learning-resource...Patent attorneys and paralegals
/en/learning/learning-resource...Universities, research centres and technology transfer centres (TTOs)
https://new.epo.org/en/learnin...External Subdomain IMG-ALT European Patent Academy
https://new.epo.org/en/learnin...External Subdomain Boost your IP knowledge with (e-)training from the European Patent Academy
https://www.epo.org/about-usText duplicate Go to overview
https://www.epo.org/en/about-usText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/at-a-glanceThe EPO at a glance
/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversaryText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversar...Official celebrations
/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversar...Member states’ video statements
/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversar...50 Leading Tech Voices
/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversar...Athens Marathon
/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversar...Kids’ collaborative art competition
/en/about-us/foundationText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/foundation/legal-...Legal foundations
/en/about-us/foundation/member...Member states of the European Patent Organisation
/en/about-us/foundation/extens...Extension states
/en/about-us/foundation/valida...Validation states
/en/about-us/administrative-co...Text duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/administrative-co...Communiqués
/en/about-us/administrative-co...Calendar
/en/about-us/administrative-co...Documents and publications
/en/about-us/administrative-co...Administrative Council
/en/about-us/officeText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/office/missionOur mission, vision, values and corporate policy
/en/about-us/office/strategic-...Strategic Plan 2028
/en/about-us/office/new-normalTowards a New Normal
/en/about-us/leadership-and-ma...Text duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/leadership-and-ma...President António Campinos
/en/about-us/leadership-and-ma...Management Advisory Committee
/en/about-us/sustainability-at...Text duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/sustainability-at...Environmental
/en/about-us/sustainability-at...Social
/en/about-us/sustainability-at...Governance and Financial sustainability
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Text duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Our services & structure
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Quality
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Consulting our users
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...European and international co-operation
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Text duplicate European Patent Academy
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Chief Economist
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Ombuds Office
/en/about-us/services-and-acti...Reporting wrongdoing
/en/about-us/observatory-paten...Text duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/observatory-paten...About the Observatory
/en/about-us/observatory-paten...Our activities
/en/about-us/observatory-paten...Our topics
/en/about-us/observatory-paten...Our partners and networks
/en/about-us/observatory-paten...Digital library
/en/about-us/observatory-paten...Data desk
/en/about-us/tendersText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/tenders/procureme...Procurement forecast
/en/about-us/tenders/doing-bus...Doing business with the EPO
/en/about-us/tenders/procureme...Procurement procedures
/en/about-us/tenders/sustainab...Sustainable Procurement Policy
/en/about-us/tenders/signaturesAbout eTendering and electronic signatures
/en/about-us/tenders/procureme...Procurement portal
/en/about-us/tenders/invoicingInvoicing
/en/about-us/tenders/general-c...General conditions
/en/about-us/tenders/archived-...Archived tenders
/en/about-us/transparency-portalText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/transparency-port...General
/en/about-us/transparency-port...Human
/en/about-us/transparency-port...Text duplicate Environmental
/en/about-us/transparency-port...Organisational
/en/about-us/transparency-port...Social and relational
/en/about-us/transparency-port...Economic
/en/about-us/transparency-port...Governance
/en/about-us/statisticsText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/statistics/statis...Statistics & Trends Centre
/en/about-us/statistics/patent...Patent Index 2023
/en/about-us/statistics/epo-da...EPO Data Hub
/en/about-us/statistics/clarif...Clarification on data sources
/en/about-us/timelineText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/timeline/1970s1970s
/en/about-us/timeline/1980s1980s
/en/about-us/timeline/1990s1990s
/en/about-us/timeline/2000s2000s
/en/about-us/timeline/2010s2010s
/en/about-us/timeline/2020s2020s
/en/about-us/artText duplicate Overview
/en/about-us/art/aboutThe collection
/en/about-us/art/lets-talk-abo...Let's talk about art
/en/about-us/art/collectionArtists
/en/about-us/art/art-filmMedia library
/en/about-us/art/whats-onWhat's on
/en/about-us/art/publicationsPublications
/en/about-us/art/contactContact
/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-...Culture Space A&T 5-10
/en/about-us/art/lange-nacht"Long Night"
/en/about-us/statistics/patent...Subdomain Track the latest tech trends with our Patent Index
https://www.epo.org/en/searchSubdomain No Text
https://www.epo.org/enAnchor en
https://www.epo.org/enAnchor de
https://www.epo.org/enAnchor fr
https://www.epo.org/enEnglish
https://www.epo.org/deDeutsch
https://www.epo.org/frFrançais
https://www.epo.org/enText duplicate Homepage
/en/new-to-patentsText duplicate Overview
/en/new-to-patents/whats-your-...What's your big idea?
/en/new-to-patents/are-you-rea...Are you ready?
/en/new-to-patents/what-to-expectWhat to expect
/en/new-to-patents/how-to-appl...How to apply for a patent
/en/new-to-patents/your-busine...Your business and patents
/en/new-to-patents/is-it-paten...Is it patentable?
/en/new-to-patents/are-you-firstAre you first?
/en/new-to-patents/why-do-we-h...Why do we have patents?
/en/new-to-patents/patent-quizPatent quiz
/en/new-to-patents/patent-basi...Unitary patent video
/en/searching-for-patentsText duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...National patent office databases
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Global Patent Index (GPI)
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Release notes
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate Release notes
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Cross-reference index for Euro-PCT applications
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...EP authority file
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Help
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate EP full-text search
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Text duplicate Bibliographic coverage in Espacenet and OPS
/en/searching-for-patents/tech...Full-text coverage in Espacenet
/en/searching-for-patents/legalText duplicate Overview
/en/searching-for-patents/lega...Text duplicate Overview
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