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/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom | | Sin texto |
/pvcdrom/introduction/introduc... | | Sin texto |
https://www.pveducation.org/ | | IMG-ALT logo A-TITLE Home |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/in... | | Instructions |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom | | Welcome |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/in... | | 1. Introduction |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/pr... | | 2. Properties of Sunlight |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/pn... | | 3. Semiconductors & Junctions |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/so... | | 4. Solar Cell Operation |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/de... | | 5. Design of Silicon Cells |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ma... | | 6. Manufacturing Si Cells |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/mo... | | 7. Modules and Arrays |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ch... | | 8. Characterization |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ma... | | 9. Material Properties |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ba... | | 10. Batteries |
/pvcdrom/appendices | | 11. Appendices |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ko... | | Korean Version PDF A-TITLE Link to the Korean Version of the PVCDROM |
/list-of-equations | | Equations A-TITLE List of equations formatted with MathML |
/list-of-graphs | | Interactive Graphs A-TITLE List of links to interactive graphs |
/biblio | | References A-TITLE Bibliography and list of references |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/in... | Texto duplicado | Instructions |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom | Texto duplicado | Welcome |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/in... | Texto duplicado | 1. Introduction |
/pvcdrom/introduction/introduc... | | Introduction |
/pvcdrom/introduction/solar-en... | | Solar Energy |
/pvcdrom/introduction/the-gree... | | The Greenhouse Effect |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/pr... | Texto duplicado | 2. Properties of Sunlight |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | 2.1. Basics of Light |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Properties of Light |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Energy of Photon |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Photon Flux |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Spectral Irradiance |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Radiant Power Density |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | 2.2. Blackbody Radiation |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | 2.3. Solar Radiation |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | The Sun |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Solar Radiation in Space |
/pvcdrom/terrestrial-solar-rad... | | 2.4. Terrestrial Solar Radiation |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Solar Radiation Outside the Earth's Atmosphere |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Atmospheric Effects |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Air Mass |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Motion of the Sun |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Solar Time |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Declination Angle |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Elevation Angle |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Azimuth Angle |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | The Sun's Position |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Sun Position Calculator |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Sun's Position to High Accuracy |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Solar Radiation on a Tilted Surface |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Arbitrary Orientation and Tilt |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | 2.5. Solar Radiation Data |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Calculation of Solar Insolation |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Measurement of Solar Radiation |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Analysis of Solar Irradiance Data Sets |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Typical Meteorological Year Data (TMY) |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Making Use of TMY Data |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Average Solar Radiation |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Isoflux Contour Plots |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Sunshine Hour Data |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Cloud Cover Data |
/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunligh... | | Satellite Irradiance |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/pn... | Texto duplicado | 3. Semiconductors & Junctions |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/introduc... | Texto duplicado | Introduction |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/basics | | 3.1. Basics |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/semicond... | | Semiconductor Materials |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/semicond... | | Semiconductor Structure |
/pvcdrom/conduction-in-semicon... | | Conduction in Semiconductors |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/band-gap | | Band Gap |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/intrinsi... | | Intrinsic Carrier Concentration |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/doping | | Doping |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/equilibr... | | Equilibrium Carrier Concentration |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/generation | | 3.2. Generation |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/absorpti... | | Absorption of Light |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/absorpti... | | Absorption Coefficient |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/absorpti... | | Absorption Depth |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/generati... | | Generation Rate |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/recombin... | | 3.3. Recombination |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/types-of... | | Types of Recombination |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/minority... | | Minority-Carrier Lifetime |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/diffusio... | | Diffusion Length |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/surface-... | | Surface Recombination |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/carrier-... | | 3.4. Carrier Transport |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/movement... | | Movement of Carriers in Semiconductors |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/diffusion | | Diffusion |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/drift | | Drift |
/pvcdrom/p-n-junctions | | 3.5. P-n Junctions |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/formatio... | | Formation of a PN-Junction |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/p-n-junc... | | P-N Junction Diodes |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/bias-of-... | | Bias of PN Junctions |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/diode-eq... | | Diode Equation |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/diode-eq... | | 3.6. Diode Equations for PV |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/ideal-di... | | Ideal Diode Equation Derivation A-TITLE Derivation of the Ideal Diode Equation |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/basic-eq... | | Basic Equations |
/pvcdrom/applying-the-basic-eq... | | Applying the Basic Equations to a PN Junction |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/solving-... | | Solving for Depletion Region |
/pvcdrom/solving-for-quasi-neu... | | Solving for Quasi Neutral Regions |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/finding-... | | Finding Total Current |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/example-... | | Eg1: Wide Base Diode |
/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/summary | | Summary |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/so... | Texto duplicado | 4. Solar Cell Operation |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | 4.1. Ideal Solar Cells |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Solar Cell Structure |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Light Generated Current |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Collection Probability |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Quantum Efficiency |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Spectral Response |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | The Photovoltaic Effect |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | 4.2. Solar Cell Parameters |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | IV Curve |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Short-Circuit Current |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Open-Circuit Voltage |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Fill Factor |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Efficiency |
/pvcdrom/detailed-balance | | Detailed Balance |
/pvcdrom/tandem-cells | | Tandem Cells |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | 4.3. Resistive Effects |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Characteristic Resistance |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Effect of Parasitic Resistances |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Series Resistance |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Shunt Resistance |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Impact of Both Series and Shunt Resistance |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | 4.4. Other Effects |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Effect of Temperature |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Effect of Light Intensity |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/... | | Ideality Factor |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/de... | Texto duplicado | 5. Design of Silicon Cells |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Solar Cell Design Principles |
/node/251 | | 5.1. Optical Properties |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Optical Losses |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Anti-Reflection Coatings |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | AR Coating Color A-TITLE Anti-Reflection Coating Color |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | DLARC A-TITLE Double Layer Anti-Reflection Coatings |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Surface Texturing |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Material Thickness |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Light Trapping |
/pvcdrom/lambertian-rear-refle... | | Lambertian Rear Reflectors |
/node/252 | | 5.2. Reducing Recombination |
/pvcdrom/recombination-losses | | Recombination Losses |
/pvcdrom/current-losses-due-to... | | Current Losses Due to Recombination |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Voltage Losses due to Recombination |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | Texto duplicado | Surface Recombination |
/pvcdrom/top-contact-design | | 5.3. Top Contact Design |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | Texto duplicado | Series Resistance |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Base Resistance |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Sheet Resistivity |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Emitter Resistance |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Contact Resistance |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Finger Resistance |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Optimization of Finger Spacing |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Metal Grid Pattern |
/node/254 | | 5.4. Solar Cell Structure |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Silicon Solar Cell Parameters |
/pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cel... | | Efficiency and Solar Cell Cost |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ma... | Texto duplicado | 6. Manufacturing Si Cells |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | First Photovoltaic devices |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Early Silicon Cells |
/node/255 | | 6.1. Silicon Wаfers & Substrates |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Refining Silicon |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Types Of Silicon |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Single Crystalline Silicon |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Czochralski Silicon |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Float Zone Silicon |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Multi Crystalline Silicon |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Wafer Slicing |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Other Wafering Techniques |
/node/256 | | 6.2. Processing Technologies |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Solid State Diffusion |
/node/257 | | 6.3. Cell Fabrication Technologies |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Screen Printed Solar Cells |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Buried Contact Solar Cells |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | High Efficiency Solar Cells |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Rear Contact Solar Cells |
/pvcdrom/solar-cell-production... | | 6.4. Solar Cell Production Line |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/source-... | | Source Material |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Growing Ingots |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Sawing the Ingot into Bricks |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/wafter-... | Texto duplicado | Wafer Slicing |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/texturing | | Texturing |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Emitter Diffusion |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/edge-is... | | Edge Isolation |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Anti Reflection Coatings |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/screen-... | | Screen Print Front |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/screen-... | | Screen Print Rear Aluminium |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/screen-... | | Screen Print Rear Silver |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/firing | | Firing |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing/testing | | Testing |
/pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cell... | | Module |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/mo... | Texto duplicado | 7. Modules and Arrays |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/in... | Texto duplicado | Introduction |
/node/259 | | 7.1. Module Design |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mo... | | Module Structure |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mo... | | Module Materials |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/pa... | | Packing Density |
/node/260 | | 7.2. Interconnection Effects |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mo... | | Module Circuit Design |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mi... | | Mismatch Effects |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mi... | | Mismatch for Cells Connected in Series |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/sh... | | Shading |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/ho... | | Hot Spot Heating |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/by... | | Bypass Diodes |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mi... | | Mismatch for Cells Connected in Parallel |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mi... | | Mismatch Effects in Arrays |
/node/261 | | 7.3. Temperature Effects |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/pv... | | PV Module Temperature |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/he... | | Heat Generation in PV Modules |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/he... | | Heat Loss in PV Modules |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/no... | | Nominal Operating Cell Temperature |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/th... | | Thermal Expansion and Thermal Stresses |
/node/262 | | 7.4. Other Considerations |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/el... | | Electrical and Mechanical Insulation |
/node/263 | | 7.5. Lifetime of PV Modules |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/de... | | Degradation and Failure Modes |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mo... | | 7.6. Module Measurement |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mo... | | Module Measurement without Load |
/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/mo... | | Module Measurement with Load |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ch... | Texto duplicado | 8. Characterization |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/intr... | Texto duplicado | Introduction |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/meas... | | 8.1 Measurement of Solar Cell Efficiency |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/illu... | | Illumination Sources |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/temp... | | Temperature Control |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/elec... | | Electronics |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/probing | | Probing |
/pvcdrom/other-iv-measurements | | 8.2. Other IV Measurements |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/dark... | | Dark IV Measurements |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/jsc-voc | | Jsc-Voc |
/node/266 | | 8.3. IV Characterization |
/pvcdrom/sunsvoc | | SunsVoc |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/meas... | | Measurement of Series Resistance |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/doub... | | Double Diode Model |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/meas... | | Measuring Ideality Factor |
/node/267 | | 8.4. Optical Characterization |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/refl... | | Reflectance |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/spec... | Texto duplicado | Spectral Response |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/ligh... | | Laser Beam Induced Current |
/pvcdrom/lifetime | | 8.5. Lifetime |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/bulk... | | Bulk Lifetime |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/surf... | Texto duplicado | Surface Recombination |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/tran... | | Transient Measurements |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/quas... | | Quasi-Steady-State Lifetime Measurements |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/gene... | | General Lifetime Measurements |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/effe... | | Effect of Trapping on Lifetime Measurements |
/node/269 | | 8.6. Luminescence |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/elec... | | Electroluminescence |
/node/270 | | 8.7. Simulation |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/intr... | | Introduction to Simulation |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/pc1d | | PC1D |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/tand... | | Tandem Calculations |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/2d-m... | | 2D Modeling |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/sem-... | | SEM and EBIC |
/pvcdrom/characterisation/four... | | Four Point Probe Resistivity Measurements |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ma... | Texto duplicado | 9. Material Properties |
/pvcdrom/materials/general-pro... | | General Properties of Silicon |
/pvcdrom/materials/optical-pro... | | Optical Properties of Silicon |
/pvcdrom/materials/bismuth-tri... | | Bi2S3 A-TITLE Bismuth trisulfide (Bi2S3) |
/pvcdrom/materials/cztsse | | CZTSSe Theory and Fabrication |
/pvcdrom/materials/cds | | CdS A-TITLE Cadmium sulfide (CdS) |
/pvcdrom/materials/cdse-wurtzite | | CdSe A-TITLE Cadmium selenide |
/pvcdrom/materials/cuinse2 | | CuInSe2 |
/pvcdrom/materials/cuo | | CuO A-TITLE Copper Oxide |
/pvcdrom/materials/cus | | CuS |
/pvcdrom/materials/fes2-pyrite | | FeS2 A-TITLE Iron disulfide (FeS2) Pyrite |
/pvcdrom/materials/mg2si | | Mg2Si |
/pvcdrom/materials/mns | | MnS |
/pvcdrom/materials/sns-herzenb... | | SnS A-TITLE Tin Silfide (Herzenbergite) |
/pvcdrom/materials/tis2 | | TiS2 |
/pvcdrom/materials/znse | | ZnSe |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ba... | Texto duplicado | 10. Batteries |
/pvcdrom/batteries/storage-in-... | | Storage in PV Systems |
/pvcdrom/batteries/battery-basics | | 10.2 Battery Basics |
/pvcdrom/batteries/oxidation-r... | | Oxidation/Reduction Reaction |
/pvcdrom/battery-basics/electr... | | Electrochemical Potential |
/pvcdrom/battery-basics/nernst... | | Nernst Equation |
/pvcdrom/battery-basics/basic-... | | Basic Battery Operation |
/pvcdrom/battery-basics/ideal-... | | Ideal battery capacity |
/pvcdrom/batteries/battery-vol... | | 10.3 Battery Non-equilibrium |
/pvcdrom/batteries/battery-cha... | | 10.4. Battery Characteristics |
/pvcdrom/battery-characteristi... | | Battery Efficiency |
/pvcdrom/battery-characteristi... | | Battery Capacity |
/pvcdrom/battery-characteristi... | | Battery Charging and Discharging Parameters |
/pvcdrom/battery-characteristi... | | Battery Lifetime and Maintenance |
/pvcdrom/battery-characteristi... | | Battery Voltage |
/pvcdrom/battery-characteristi... | | Other Electrical Battery Parameters |
/pvcdrom/battery-characteristi... | | Summary and Comparison of Battery Characteristics |
/pvcdrom/batteries/lead-acid-b... | | 10.5. Lead Acid Batteries |
/pvcdrom/lead-acid-batteries/c... | | Characteristics of Lead Acid Batteries |
/pvcdrom/lead-acid-batteries/o... | | Operation of Lead Acid Batteries |
/pvcdrom/batteries/other-batte... | | 10.6. Other Battery Types |
/pvcdrom/batteries/function-an... | | 10.7 Function and Use of Storage |
/pvcdrom/appendices | Texto duplicado | 11. Appendices |
/pvcdrom/appendices/solar-cell... | | Solar Cell Efficiency Records |
/pvcdrom/appendices/standard-s... | | Standard Solar Spectra |
/pvcdrom/appendices/periodic-t... | | Periodic Table |
/pvcdrom/units-and-conversions | | Units and Conversions |
/pvcdrom/physical-constants | | Physical Constants |
/pvcdrom/appendices/equations/... | | Equations for Photovoltaics |
/pvcdrom/equations-in-tex | | Equations in TEX |
/pvcdrom/graphs | | Graphs with Sliders A-TITLE Interactive slider graphs |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/ko... | Texto duplicado | Korean Version PDF A-TITLE Link to the Korean Version of the PVCDROM |
/list-of-equations | Texto duplicado | Equations A-TITLE List of equations formatted with MathML |
/list-of-graphs | Texto duplicado | Interactive Graphs A-TITLE List of links to interactive graphs |
/biblio | Texto duplicado | References A-TITLE Bibliography and list of references |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-the-photov... | | Welcome to the Photovoltaic Education Network |
/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection | | [email protected] |
/pvcdrom | Subdominio | >>>>>>>>> Enter the PVCDROM <<<<<<<<<<<<< |
/es/fotovoltaica/welcome-to-pv... | Subdominio | >>>>>>>>> Ingrese PVCDROM en Español <<<<<<<<<<<<< |
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/node/84/talk | | 41 comment(s) |
/es/fotovoltaica/welcome-to-th... | | Español IMG-ALT Español A-TITLE Welcome to the Photovoltaic Education Network |
/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom | Texto duplicado | Welcome |
/pvcdrom/introduction/introduc... | Texto duplicado | Introduction |
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