https://taxfoundation.org/ | Anchor | Skip to content |
https://taxfoundation.org/ | | U.S. |
https://taxfoundation.org/eu | | Europe |
https://taxfoundation.org/ | | IMG-ALT Tax Foundation A-TITLE Tax Foundation |
/tax-newsletter/ | | Subscribe |
https://taxfoundation.org/donate | | Donate |
/research/ | | Research |
/research/ | | Research Areas |
/research/federal-tax/ | | Federal Tax |
/research/state-tax/ | | State Tax |
/research/global-tax/ | | Global Tax |
/research/global-tax/eu-tax/ | | EU Tax |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | | All Research |
/about-us/staff-and-board/expe... | | Meet Our Experts |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | | Featured Projects |
/research/federal-tax/2024-tax... | | Tracking 2024 Presidential Tax Plans |
/research/all/federal/growth-o... | | Tax Reforms for Growth and Opportunity |
/topics/economic-and-tax-model... | | Federal Tax Modeling |
/research/all/state/remote-wor... | | State Reforms for Mobility and Modernization |
/research/all/state/2025-state... | | State Tax Competitiveness Index |
/research/all/global/2024-inte... | | International Tax Competitiveness Index |
/eu/research/european-tax-poli... | | European Tax Policy Scorecard |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | | Featured Issues |
/tags/global-tax-deal/ | | Global Tax Deal |
/tags/2024-election/ | | 2024 Election |
/topics/cost-recovery/ | | Cost Recovery |
/tags/state-tax-trends/ | | State Tax Trends |
/tags/inflation/ | | Taxes & Inflation |
/tags/taxing-savers-and-invest... | | Taxes on Savers & Investors |
/topics/tariffs-and-trade/ | | Tariffs & Trade |
/research/all/state/sports-bet... | | IMG-ALT Legal sports betting markets and sports betting tax revenue analysis |
/research/all/state/sports-bet... | | Bets on Legal Sports Markets Pay Off Big for States, Sportsbooks, and Consumers |
/about-us/staff-and-board/expe... | | Experts |
https://taxfoundation.org/data/ | | Data |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | | Data Areas |
/data/federal-tax/ | Textduplikat | Federal Tax |
/data/state-tax/ | Textduplikat | State Tax |
/data/global-tax/ | Textduplikat | Global Tax |
/data/global-tax/eu-tax/ | Textduplikat | EU Tax |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | | All Data |
/about-us/staff-and-board/expe... | Textduplikat | Meet Our Experts |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Textduplikat | Featured Projects |
/data/all/state/2024-state-tax... | | Facts & Figures: How Does Your State Compare? |
/data/all/federal/2025-tax-bra... | | Federal Income Tax Brackets |
/data/all/federal/latest-feder... | | Who Pays Federal Income Taxes |
/data/all/federal/tax-calculat... | | Calculator: How 2025 Expirations Will Affect You |
/data/all/state/tax-burden-by-... | | State and Local Tax Burdens |
/data/all/global/corporate-tax... | | Corporate Tax Rates Around the World |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Textduplikat | Featured Issues |
/data/state-tax/ | | State Data Explorer |
/data/global-tax/ | | Country Data Explorer |
/datamaps/state-maps/ | | State Tax Maps |
/datamaps/european-maps/ | | European Tax Maps |
/data/all/state/purchasing-pow... | | IMG-ALT Purchasing Power Map 2024 RealValue of $100 regional price parity tax foundation |
/data/all/state/purchasing-pow... | | Purchasing Power: The Real Value of $100 by Metropolitan Area, 2024 |
/blog-commentary/ | | Blog & Commentary |
https://taxfoundation.org/blog | | Tax Policy Blog |
/testimony/ | | See All Testimony |
https://taxfoundation.org/op-eds/ | | See All Op-eds |
/taxedu/podcast/ | | The Deduction Podcast |
/about-us/staff-and-board/expe... | Textduplikat | Meet Our Experts |
/blog/cigarette-smuggling-stat... | | IMG-ALT cigarette smuggling costs us states billions in potential tax revenue |
/blog/cigarette-smuggling-stat... | | Cigarette Smuggling Cost States Nearly $5 Billion in Forgone Excise Tax Revenue Each Year |
/testimony/louisiana-tax-refor... | | IMG-ALT Pro-growth Louisiana tax reform options to improve state tax structure competitiveness |
/testimony/louisiana-tax-refor... | | Pro-Growth Tax Reforms to Boost Competitiveness in Louisiana |
/oped/out-competing-china-star... | | IMG-ALT Out-Competing China Starts With The Tax Code |
/oped/out-competing-china-star... | Textduplikat | Out-Competing China Starts With The Tax Code |
https://taxfoundation.org/taxedu/ | | Education |
/taxedu/glossary/ | | Tax Terms Glossary |
/taxedu/videos/ | | Explainer Videos |
/taxedu/podcast/ | Textduplikat | The Deduction Podcast |
/tags/the-short-form/ | | The Short Form Blog |
/taxedu/principles/ | | Our Principles |
/taxedu/educational-resources/ | | Classroom Resources |
/search/?post_types=educationa... | | Primers |
/search/?post_types=educationa... | | Case Studies |
/taxedu/legislative-courses/ | | Legislative Courses |
/taxedu/legislative-courses/ta... | | Tax Foundation University |
/taxedu/legislative-courses/st... | | State Tax Policy Boot Camp |
/taxedu/educational-resources/ | | Featured Resources |
/taxedu/educational-resources/... | | The Three Basic Tax Types |
/taxedu/educational-resources/... | | Not All Taxes Are Created Equal |
/taxedu/educational-resources/... | | History of Taxes |
/taxedu/educational-resources/... | | 10 Common Tax Myths, Debunked |
/taxedu/videos/carbon-tax-expl... | | A Carbon Tax, Explained |
/taxedu/educational-resources/... | | Common Tax Questions, Answered |
/taxedu/glossary/pass-through-... | | IMG-ALT Reconciliation bill tax innovation Nunes, Plan to Reform Business Taxation |
/taxedu/glossary/pass-through-... | | Pass-Through Business Deduction (Sec. 199A Deduction) |
https://taxfoundation.org/events/ | | Events |
/about-us/ | | About Us |
/about-us/ | Textduplikat | About Us |
/taxedu/principles/ | Textduplikat | Our Principles |
/about-us/contact/ | | Contact Us |
/about-us/staff-and-board/ | | Staff |
/about-us/staff-and-board/ | | Meet Our Team |
/about-us/staff-and-board/expe... | Textduplikat | Meet Our Experts |
/about-us/staff-and-board/board/ | | Meet Our Board |
/careers/ | | Careers |
/about-us/careers/ | Anchor | Job Openings |
/about-us/careers/internship/ | | Internships |
https://taxfoundation.org/donate/ | | Support Our Work |
https://taxfoundation.org/donate/ | | Donate Today |
/donate/ways-to-give/ | | Ways to Give |
/donate/donor-faq/ | | Donor FAQ |
/donate/ways-to-give/ | Anchor | Planned Giving |
/tax-newsletter | Textduplikat | Subscribe |
/blog/trump-tariffs-impact-eco... | | How Will Trump’s Universal and China Tariffs Impact the Economy? |
/blog/trump-tariffs-revenue-es... | | Revenue Estimates of Trump’s Universal Baseline Tariffs |
/research/all/federal/donald-t... | | Trump Tax Plan Ideas: Details & Analysis |
/all-research-data/ | | See All Research and Data |
/data/all/state/purchasing-pow... | Textduplikat | IMG-ALT Purchasing Power Map 2024 RealValue of $100 regional price parity tax foundation |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/state/purchasing-pow... | Textduplikat | Purchasing Power: The Real Value of $100 by Metropolitan Area, 2024 |
/research/all/state/sports-bet... | Textduplikat | IMG-ALT Legal sports betting markets and sports betting tax revenue analysis |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/state/sports-bet... | Textduplikat | Bets on Legal Sports Markets Pay Off Big for States, Sportsbooks, and Consumers |
/data/all/state/cigarette-taxe... | | IMG-ALT cigarette smuggling 2022, united states |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/state/cigarette-taxe... | | Cigarette Taxes and Cigarette Smuggling by State, 2022 |
/data/all/eu/integrated-tax-ra... | | IMG-ALT integrated tax rates corporate income europe 2024 |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/eu/integrated-tax-ra... | | Integrated Tax Rates on Corporate Income in Europe, 2024 |
/data/all/federal/latest-feder... | | IMG-ALT Summary of the Latest Federal Income Tax Data, 2025 Update |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/federal/latest-feder... | Textduplikat | Summary of the Latest Federal Income Tax Data, 2025 Update |
/data/all/state/estate-inherit... | | IMG-ALT 2024 state estate tax rates and 2024 state inheritance tax rates |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/state/estate-inherit... | | Estate and Inheritance Taxes by State, 2024 |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/state/premium-cigar-... | | Premium Cigar Taxes by State, 2024 |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/state/property-t... | | Confronting the New Property Tax Revolt |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/eu/pillar-two-implem... | | Pillar Two Implementation in Europe, 2024 |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/state/2025-state... | | 2025 State Tax Competitiveness Index |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Data |
/data/all/federal/2025-tax-bra... | | 2025 Tax Brackets |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/global/2024-inte... | | International Tax Competitiveness Index 2024 |
/research | | See the latest from Tax Foundation |
/blog/cigarette-smuggling-stat... | Textduplikat | Cigarette Smuggling Cost States Nearly $5 Billion in Forgone Excise Tax Revenue Each Year |
/blog/louisiana-tax-reform-2024/ | | Louisiana Now Boasts a More Competitive and Pro-Growth Tax Code |
/blog/extending-tax-cuts-budge... | | All About That Base(line) |
/blog/interstate-migration-tax... | | Tax Competitiveness and Interstate Migration |
/blog/alabama-tax-free-overtime/ | | Alabama Expands Tax-Free Overtime Eligibility, but Should Repeal Entire Exemption |
/blog/how-the-payroll-tax-base... | | How the Payroll Tax Base Has Changed Over Time |
/blog/state-drug-policy-mariju... | | Momentum Slows for State Drug Legalization Policies via 2024 State Ballot Initiatives |
https://taxfoundation.org/blog | | See All Recent Posts |
/data/all/federal/2024-tax-bra... | | 2024 Tax Brackets |
/data/all/state/2024-state-tax... | | Facts & Figures 2024: How Does Your State Compare? |
/data/all/federal/latest-feder... | | Summary of the Latest Federal Income Tax Data, 2024 Update |
/data/all/state/state-income-t... | | State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2024 |
/data/all/state/2024-sales-taxes/ | | State and Local Sales Tax Rates, 2024 |
/data/all/eu/top-personal-inco... | | Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe, 2024 |
/data/all/global/corporate-tax... | | Corporate Tax Rates around the World, 2023 |
/taxedu/principles/ | | principles of sound tax policy |
/about-us/ | | Learn More About Tax Foundation |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/DB... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT Daniel Bunn Tax Foundation President & CEO |
/about-us/staff/daniel-bunn/ | | Daniel Bunn |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/JW... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT Jared Walczak Tax Foundation |
/about-us/staff/jared-walczak/ | | Jared Walczak |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/wm... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT William McBride Tax Foundation Will McBride |
/about-us/staff/william-mcbride/ | | William McBride |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/eY... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT Erica York Tax Foundation |
/about-us/staff/erica-york/ | | Erica York |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GW... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT Garrett Watson Tax Foundation |
/about-us/staff/garrett-watson/ | | Garrett Watson |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/KL... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT Katherine Loughead Tax Foundation |
/about-us/staff/katherine-loug... | | Katherine Loughead |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/sb... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT Sean Bray Tax Foundation |
/about-us/staff/sean-bray/ | | Sean Bray |
/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Ce... | Neues Fenster | IMG-ALT Cecilia Perez Weigel Tax Foundation |
/about-us/staff/cecilia-perez-... | | Cecilia Perez Weigel |
/about/staff | | See All Experts and Request a Speaker |
/research/all/state/2025-state... | Textduplikat | IMG-ALT 2025 State Tax Competitiveness Index |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/state/2025-state... | Textduplikat | 2025 State Tax Competitiveness Index |
/research/all/federal/2025-tax... | | IMG-ALT Navigating the 2025 tax reform options for Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Expirations |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/federal/2025-tax... | | Options for Navigating the 2025 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Expirations |
/research/all/global/2024-inte... | | IMG-ALT International Tax Competitiveness Index 2024 Global Tax Rankings by Country |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/global/2024-inte... | Textduplikat | International Tax Competitiveness Index 2024 |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/eu/2023-european... | | 2023 European Tax Policy Scorecard |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/federal/us-debt-... | | How to Rein in the National Debt |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/state/remote-wor... | | Eight State Tax Reforms for Mobility and Modernization |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/federal/global-m... | | Risks to the U.S. Tax Base from Pillar Two |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/federal/growth-o... | | A Tax Reform Plan for Growth and Opportunity: Details & Analysis |
/all-research-data/?post_types... | Anchor Textduplikat | Research |
/research/all/federal/us-consu... | | How Taxing Consumption Would Improve Long-Term Opportunity and Well-Being for Families and Children |
/taxedu/glossary | | Glossary |
/taxedu/videos | | Videos |
/taxedu/educational-resources | | Educational Resources |
/taxedu/podcast | | Podcast |
/taxedu/principles | | Principles |
/taxedu/legislative-courses | Textduplikat | Legislative Courses |
https://taxfoundation.org/ | Textduplikat | IMG-ALT Tax Foundation A-TITLE Tax Foundation |
/tax-newsletter/ | Textduplikat | Subscribe |
/about-us/ | | About |
https://taxfoundation.org/donate/ | Textduplikat | Donate |
/about-us/careers/ | Textduplikat | Careers |
/about-us/contact/ | Textduplikat | Contact Us |
/taxedu/podcast/ | Textduplikat | Podcast |
/copyright-notice | | Copyright Notice |
/privacy-policy | | Privacy Policy |
https://www.facebook.com/taxfo... | Extern Subdomain | A-TITLE Link to Tax Foundation on Facebook |
https://x.com/taxfoundation | Extern | A-TITLE Link to Tax Foundation on Twitter |
http://www.linkedin.com/compan... | Extern Subdomain | A-TITLE Link to Tax Foundation on LinkedIn |
http://www.youtube.com/user/Ta... | Extern Subdomain | A-TITLE Link to Tax Foundation on YouTube |
https://www.instagram.com/tax.... | Extern Subdomain | A-TITLE Link to Tax Foundation on Instagram |
/taxedu/podcast/ | | A-TITLE Link to Tax Foundation on Podcast |
(Nice to have)